The blacksmith/wheelwright shop was originally
located halfway between Milford and Greenwood near Staytonsville
(Cedar Creek Hundred) in Sussex County, Delaware. The building
was used by three generations of the Johnson family and was
known historically as "Johnson's Blacksmith Shop." The blacksmith
shop portion was built by Alexander Johnson (ca.1807-1886) around
1850. Alexander was a farmer, but like most rural farmers he
probably found that it was useful to be able to repair and make
his own tools and shoe his own horses.
By 1870, it appears that Alexander was engaged
in the blacksmithing and wheelwrighting trade as a full-time
business. The 1860 Delaware census lists him as a farmer, while
the 1870 census lists him as a wheelwright. By 1880, his son
William (1852-1911) had taken over the business, which by then
also included a Charles Warren as an employee. Family tradition
says that William added the wagon making and wheelwrighting
shop to the building around the time of Alexander's death in
1886. William specialized in making farm wagons and carts, although
he probably repaired factory-built carriages and buggies as
well. His wagons were sold throughout Kent and Sussex Counties
and parts of Maryland's Eastern shore.
The last owner of the shop, Howard Johnson (born
in 1884) made the final Johnson wagon in the late 1920s but
continued blacksmithing until his death in 1965. He was also
a farmer for many years, mainly growing strawberries. The blacksmith/
wheelwright shop was moved to the Delaware Agricultural Museum
and Village in 1980 through the generosity of the daughter of
Howard Johnson, Mrs. Vinal (Cathel) Bennett.
This building is typical of blacksmith shops found
throughout rural America. Blacksmith shops were usually filled
with all sorts of clutter, from broken pieces of equipment awaiting
repair to scrap iron, horseshoes, and a wide variety of tools.
To reduce the risk of fire, a dirt floor was commonly used.
The high, open ceiling allowed smoke and fumes to escape. For
most blacksmiths and wheelwrights in the late 1800s, the main
source of business in addition to making iron parts for wagons
and tires for wheels, was probably horse shoeing, fixing harness,
and sharpening and repairing farm tools.